Template:Reflist

1 }}

     | -moz-column-width: {{{1}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1}}}; column-width: {{{1}}};
     | {{#switch:|1=|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}
   | {{#if: 
     | -moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch: 
   | upper-alpha
   | upper-roman
   | lower-alpha
   | lower-greek
   | lower-roman = {{{group}}}
   | #default = decimal}};">

Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

{{#ifeq:reflist |doc

{{#ifeq:show |show

|

This is a documentation subpage for Template:Reflist.
It contains usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original {{#if: |{{{text2}}} |{{#if: |{{{text1}}} |{{#ifeq:Template |User |template template page |{{#if:Template |template page|article}}}}}}}}.

        }}{{#if: |
         |   {{#ifexist:Template:Reflist
                  | [[Category:{{#switch:Template |Template=Template |Module=Module |User=User |#default=Wikipedia}} documentation pages]]
                  |
                 }}
        }}
    | 
   }}

This {{

switch:Template

|Module=Lua module |#default=template }} is used on {{#if: 4200000+ |4,200,000+|a very large number of}} pages.
To avoid large-scale disruption and unnecessary server load, any changes to this {{

switch:Template

|Module=module |#default=template }} should first be tested in its [[{{

switch: Reflist

| doc | sandbox = Template:Reflist | #default = Template:Reflist }}/sandbox|/sandbox]] or [[{{

switch: Reflist

| doc | sandbox = Template:Reflist | #default = Template:Reflist }}/testcases|/testcases]] subpages{{

switch:Template

|Module=. |#default= or in your own user subpage. }} The tested changes can then be added to this page in a single edit. Please consider discussing any changes {{#if:|at [[{{{2}}}]]|on the [[{{

switch: Reflist

| doc | sandbox = Template talk:Reflist | #default = Template talk:Reflist

}}|talk page]]}} before implementing them.

{{#if: |[[File:{{{image}}}|40px|Notice]]}}

{{#if: |

'

}}

This page gives technical details for the {{reflist}} template. For a full overview of this template in use, see Help:Footnotes.

{{#if: |{{{imageright}}} |{{#if: |

{{#if:| }}{{#if:| }}{{#if:| }}{{#if:| }}{{#if:| }}Shortcut{{#if:|s}}:{{#if:|

{{safesubst:#if:

| [[[:Template:Fullurl:]] ] | {{safesubst:#if:|[[:|{{{2}}}]]|[[:]]}} }} }}{{#if:|

{{safesubst:#if:

| [[[:Template:Fullurl:]] ] | {{safesubst:#if:|[[:|{{{2}}}]]|[[:]]}} }} }}{{#if:|

{{safesubst:#if:

| [[[:Template:Fullurl:]] ] | {{safesubst:#if:|[[:|{{{2}}}]]|[[:]]}} }} }}{{#if:|

{{safesubst:#if:

| [[[:Template:Fullurl:]] ] | {{safesubst:#if:|[[:|{{{2}}}]]|[[:]]}} }} }}{{#if:|

{{safesubst:#if:

| [[[:Template:Fullurl:]] ] | {{safesubst:#if:|[[:|{{{2}}}]]|[[:]]}} }} }}

}} }}

See this information on copying this template and modifying it for use on another wiki.

This citation template provides formatting and organizational features for footnotes. It encapsulates the {{#switch:s

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <references{{#if:| {{{params}}}}}
}}{{#switch:s
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:s
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--|-->|</references>}}
}} tag used by the Cite{{#ifeq: |bug| bug list}} MediaWiki extension to show the list of references as defined by {{#switch:o
 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <ref{{#if:| {{{params}}}}}
}}{{#switch:o
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:o
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--|-->|</ref>}}
}} tags. It adds support for sizing the column width, groups and List-defined references.

Parameters[edit]

There are no required parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated if there are fewer than 10 references in the list. If you have more than 10 references, it will use columns of 30em wide if your device allows this.

Optional parameters are:

Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in ems. Syntax (for example) |{{#if:|=}}30em with no space (i.e. not |{{#if:|=}}30 em). Note that this replaces colwidth�see � Obsolete parameters.
refs: used with List-defined references.
group: identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{{{#if: |subst:}}Reflist{{#if:group=groupname ||group=groupname}}{{#if: ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||�}}}} renders all references with groupname as the group name ({{#switch:o

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <ref{{#if:group=groupname| group=groupname}}
}}{{#switch:o
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:o
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--|-->|</ref>}}
}}). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See � Grouped references below.

liststyle: specifies the style used when the reference list is rendered. The default is a numbered list. When set, it will override the style set by the |{{#if:group|group=}} parameter, without affecting group functionality. See � List styles below.

Usage[edit]

{{#if:Using only footnote-style references ||+ Using only footnote-style references}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}	Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> References 1 }}	-moz-column-width: {{{1}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1}}}; column-width: {{{1}}};	1=\|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;\|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}	{{#if:	-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:	upper-alpha	upper-roman	lower-alpha	lower-greek	lower-roman = {{{group}}}	#default = decimal}};"> <references group="" responsive="{{#if:\|0\|1}}"></references> }}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

{{#if:Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text) ||+ Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text)}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. ==References== {{Refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{Refend}}
Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. ==References== {{Refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{Refend}}	Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. References 1 }}	references-column-width	references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1\|{{{1}}}}} }}	{{#if:	references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if:	{{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}	{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{#if:1\|{{{1}}}}}; column-width: {{#if:1\|{{{1}}}}};	Template:Column-count }}	{{#if:	-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }}">{{#if:	}} reference 1 reference 2 }}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

{{#if:Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references ||+ Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references}} {{#if: |

Markup

Renders as

}}{{#if:Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} * reference 1 * reference 2 {{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}
* reference 1
* reference 2
{{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

References

1 }}

-moz-column-width: {{{1}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1}}}; column-width: {{{1}}};

1=|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}

{{#if:

-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:

upper-alpha

upper-roman

lower-alpha

lower-greek

lower-roman = {{{group}}}

#default = decimal}};"> <references group="" responsive="{{#if:|0|1}}"></references>

1 }}

references-column-width

references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}

{{#if:

references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if:

{{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}

{{{1}}}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}; column-width: {{#if:1|{{{1}}}}};

Template:Column-count }}

{{#if:

-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }}">{{#if:

}}

reference 1
reference 2

}}{{#if:  |

}}{{#if:  |

}}{{#if:  |

}}{{#if:  |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}{{#if: |

}}

Columns[edit]

{{{{#if: |subst:}}Reflist{{#if:30em ||30em}}{{#if: ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||�}}}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30 em, in this example) given the width of the display window. (Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px, but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit.

Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references:

Automatic columns (default when no width is specified): Where there are only a few Footnotes; see, e.g., Silver State Arena (23:05, 28 December 2012)
30em: Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see, e.g., Ebola virus disease (06:28, 23 June 2013)
20em: Where {{#ifeq:{{{lc}}}||shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes}} are used; see, e.g., NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011).

Example[edit]

{{#if:15em wide columns (vary width of display window to see change in number of columns) ||+ 15em wide columns (vary width of display window to see change in number of columns)}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist\|15em}}
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist\|15em}}	Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> References 1 }}	-moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;	1=\|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;\|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}	{{#if:	-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:	upper-alpha	upper-roman	lower-alpha	lower-greek	lower-roman = {{{group}}}	#default = decimal}};"> <references group="" responsive="{{#if:15em\|0\|1}}"></references> }}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

Note 1: The syntax {{{{#if: |subst:}}Reflist{{#if:2 ||2}}{{#if: ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||�}}}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width regardless of the available display width, is deprecated (and is disabled for mobile view). When you use 1 the template gives you a single column while 2 will pretend you specified 30em. When using higher column counts, it will pretend you specified 25em.
Note 2: Browser support: Internet Explorer 10+, Microsoft Edge, Firefox 2+, Chrome 4+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 11.1+

List-defined references[edit]

A list of references may be defined within {{Reflist}} using the |{{#if:refs|refs=}} parameter, just like including named {{#switch:pair

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <ref{{#if:name="..."| name="..."}}
}}{{#switch:pair
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:pair
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--|-->|</ref>}}
}} elements inside the {{#switch:pair
 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <references{{#if:| {{{params}}}}}
}}{{#switch:pair
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:pair
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--|-->|</references>}}
}} container.

Example[edit]

{{#if: ||+ {{{title}}}}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" /> This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" /> ==References== {{Reflist\|refs= <ref name="refname1">content1</ref> <ref name="refname2">content2</ref> }}
This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" /> This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" /> ==References== {{Reflist\|refs= <ref name="refname1">content1</ref> <ref name="refname2">content2</ref> }}	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

Grouped references[edit]

References can be grouped into separate sections (for explanatory notes, table references, and the like) via group=:

{{#switch:open

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <ref{{#if:group=groupname| group=groupname}}
}}{{#switch:open
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:open
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--|-->|</ref>}}
}}

where groupname is (for example) notes or sources. The group name need not be enclosed in quotes; this differs from the footnote marker where quotes are required if the group name includes a space.

Each group used in the article must have a matching reference list:

{{{{#if: |subst:}}Reflist{{#if:group=groupname  ||group=groupname}}{{#if:  ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||�}}}}

Predefined groups[edit]

There are predefined group names that automatically set the labels in the footnote markers and the reference list to other styles. Thus, setting {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} will set the group to lower-alpha and will style the reference list with lower alpha characters. The matching footnote marker can be formed by {{#switch:pair

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <ref{{#if:group=lower-alpha| group=lower-alpha}}
}}{{#switch:pair
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:pair
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:ref|!--|-->|</ref>}}
}}. This is made easier by a series of templates to set the group/label styles for the footnote marker and the reference list:

List styles[edit]

As noted in � Predefined groups, there are predefined groups that automatically add list styling. Using the listed templates is more convenient than using |{{#if:liststyle|liststyle=}}.

Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the |{{#if:liststyle|liststyle=}} parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using |{{#if:liststyle|liststyle=}}upper-roman will result in references being labeled with Roman numerals instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type as shown below. {{#ifeq:right|left

|

CSS list-style-type values

|

CSS list-style-type values

}}

CSS�2.1 list-style-type values<ref>Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'gsub' (string is not UTF-8).</ref>

none
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

disc
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

circle
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

square
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

decimal
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

decimal-leading-zero
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

lower-roman
text text text text

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6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

upper-roman
text text text text

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6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

lower-alpha
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

upper-alpha
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

lower-greek
text text text text

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6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

armenian
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

georgian
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

CSS2 list-style-type values deprecated in CSS�2.1<ref>Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'gsub' (string is not UTF-8).</ref>

...but still supported by some browsers.

hebrew
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

cjk-ideographic
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

hiragana
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

katakana
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

hiragana-iroha
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

katakana-iroha
text text text text

Internet Explorer					Firefox			Safari		Chrome				Opera
6	7	8	9	10	3	4	5	4	5	9	10	11	12	10	11	12
No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

It is possible to use |{{#if:liststyle|liststyle=}} so that the labels for the footnote marker and the reference list marker differ. This should be used with care as it can be confusing to readers. For example:

{{#if: ||+ {{{title}}}}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:<ref group=note>Reference</ref> {{Reflist\|group=note\|liststyle=lower-alpha}} \|
<ref group=note>Reference</ref> {{Reflist\|group=note\|liststyle=lower-alpha}}	<ref group=note>Reference</ref> 1 }}	-moz-column-width: {{{1}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1}}}; column-width: {{{1}}};	1=\|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;\|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}	{{#if:	-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <references group="note" responsive="{{#if:\|0\|1}}"></references> }}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

Interaction with images[edit]

{{#switch:

 {{#if: 
 | {{{demospace}}}    
 | {{#ifeq:Template|
   | main
   | other
   }} 
 }}

| main = | other

| #default =

}} In the unusual case of an image being placed to the left of a reference list, layout problems may occur on some browsers. This can be prevented by using the columns feature.

Technical details[edit]

Font size[edit]

The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers.<ref group=general name=fontsize/> As of December 21, 2010, the standard {{#switch:single

 |c|close =
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open
 |p|pair = <references{{#if:| {{{params}}}}}
}}{{#switch:single
 |c|close = 
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void =  />
 |o|open = >
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--||>}}...
}}{{#switch:single
 |e|empty|s|single|v|void
 |o|open =
 |c|close
 |p|pair = {{#ifeq:references|!--|-->|</references>}}
}} tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled through Preferences{{#switch: gadgets

|0 |user profile= ? User profile |1 |appearance= ? Appearance |2 |date and time= ? Date and time |3 |editing= ? Editing |4 |recent changes= ? Recent changes |5 |watchlist= ? Watchlist |6= ? Search options |search= ? Search |8 |pending changes= ? Pending changes |9 |gadgets= ? Gadgets |10 |notifications= ? Notifications |11 |beta|beta features= ? Beta features |7 |12 |misc= ? Misc

}}{{#if:Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists| ? Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists|}}{{#if:| = {{{3}}}|{{#if:| ? {{{uncheck}}}|{{#if:| ? {{{check}}}|}}}}}}.

Browser support for columns[edit]

CSS3 multiple-column layout browser support
Property	Internet Explorer	Firefox	Safari	Chrome	Opera
column-width column-count	? 10 {{#if:(2012)	(2012)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 1.5 {{#if:(2005)	(2005)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 3 {{#if:(2007)	(2007)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 1 {{#if:(2008)	(2008)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 11.1 {{#if:(2011)	(2011)	90% }}
columns	? 10 {{#if:(2012)	(2012)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 9 {{#if:(2011)	(2011)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 3 {{#if:(2007)	(2007)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 1 {{#if:(2008)	(2008)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 11.1 {{#if:(2011)	(2011)	90% }}
break-before break-after break-inside	? 10 {{#if:(2012)	(2012)	90% }} \|\| style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"\|No \|\| style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"\|No \|\| style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"\|No \|\| style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"\|? 11.1 {{#if:(2011)	(2011)	90% }}
v t e

Multiple columns are generated by using CSS3, which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns with {{Reflist}}.<ref group=general name="stuffandnonsense" /><ref group=general name="w3org1" />

These browsers support CSS3 columns:

Gecko-based browsers such as Mozilla Firefox
WebKit-based browsers such as Safari and Google Chrome
Opera from version 11.10 onward
Internet Explorer from version 10 onward

These browsers do not support CSS3 columns:

Microsoft Trident-based browsers including Internet Explorer up to to version 9<ref group=general name="msdn" />
Opera through to version 11

Widows and orphans[edit]

The use of columns can result in widows and orphans, where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. MediaWiki:Common.css includes CSS rules to prevent list items from breaking between columns. Widows may still show in extreme circumstances, such as a reference list formatted in columns where only a single reference is defined.

{{#if: ||+ {{{title}}}}} {{#if: |

Markup	Renders as }}{{#if:Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. ==References== {{Reflist\|10em}}
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. ==References== {{Reflist\|10em}}	Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. References 1 }}	-moz-column-width: 10em; -webkit-column-width: 10em; column-width: 10em;	1=\|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;\|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}	{{#if:	-moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch:	upper-alpha	upper-roman	lower-alpha	lower-greek	lower-roman = {{{group}}}	#default = decimal}};"> <references group="" responsive="{{#if:10em\|0\|1}}"></references> }}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}{{#if: \|
	}}

Supporting CSS[edit]

{{Reflist}} uses a CSS rule in MediaWiki:Common.css to set the font size:

div.reflist { font-size: 90%; }

The following class is assigned by the template when column width is set:

.references-column-width

The following CSS properties are utilized using the {{column-width}} templates:

column-width CSS3 standard
-moz-column-width Mozilla CSS extension
-webkit-column-width Webkit CSS extension

Customizing the view[edit]

By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From Preferences, select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users) for more help.

Font size

The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add:

<source lang="css"> ol.references, div.reflist, div.refbegin {

 font-size: 90%;

} </source>

Change 90% to the desired size.

Columns

To disable columns, add:

<source lang="css"> .references-column-width {

 -moz-column-width: auto !important;
 -webkit-column-width: auto !important;
 column-width: auto !important;

} </source>

Column dividers

To add dividers (rules) between columns, add:

<source lang="css"> .references-column-width {

 -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
 -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
 column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;

} </source>

You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values.

Perennial suggestions[edit]

Collapsing and scrolling

There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at MOS:SCROLL. Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.

To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, see Help:Reference display customization.

For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions for Scrollref and Refbox.

Including the section title

There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as ==References==. This is inadvisable because:

There is no standard section name .
When transcluded, the article will have an edit link that will confusingly open the template for editing.

Obsolete parameters[edit]

These parameters are no longer in use:

colwidth: Same as specifying a column-width for the first unnamed parameter. Replaced by width as unnamed first parameter.
close: Until 2014, the parameter |{{#if:close|close=}}1 was used to work around a bug involving multiple uses of {{Reflist}} on the same page. When the bug was fixed, this was removed. (For multiple uses on talk pages and other non-article pages structured in sections, see {{Reflist-talk}}.)

Articles using unsupported parameters are tracked in [[:Category:{{#ifeq:Pages usi|Category:|{{safesubst:#ifexpr: 9 < 0 |Pages using reflist with unknown parameters |{{safesubst:#ifexpr: 9+1 > 43 | | Pages using reflist with unknown parameters }} }}|Pages using reflist with unknown parameters}}]] (0).

Template data[edit]

{{#if:| |This is the {{#if:|TemplateData|TemplateData}} documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.}}

See the monthly error report for this template.

TemplateData for Reflist

{{#ifeq:Reflist|sandbox||

}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template displays the list of footnotes at the end of an article and provides additional formatting and organizing options. After hitting \"Apply changes\" and turning back to VE read mode, you will not see the references list. After hitting \"Save page\" and turning back to normal read mode the reference list will reappear with the changes applied, see T53146.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Columns / Column width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Two modes supported. First mode (deprecated): integer number of fixed columns into which the reference list is to be rendered. Second mode: typographic unit of measurement such as 'em', specifying the width for the reference list columns, e.g. '33em'; spaced '33 em' will not be recognized", "default": "1", "aliases": [ "colwidth" ] }, "liststyle": { "label": "Liststyle", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Specifies the style used when the reference list is enumerated; accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type", "default": "decimal" }, "group": { "label": "Group", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Group is an identifier which restricts the references that are shown. Without this parameter, this template only shows references with no group identifier. With a group identifier specified, only references with a matching group identifier are handled. The rest are left alone." }, "refs": { "label": "List of references", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Provides a space to define named references for use in the article. References defined in this space are not shown unless used somewhere in the article." } } } </templatedata>

References[edit]

1 }}

     | -moz-column-width: {{{1}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{1}}}; column-width: {{{1}}};
     | {{#switch:|1=|2=-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;|#default=-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em;}} }}
   | {{#if: 
     | -moz-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; column-width: {{{colwidth}}}; }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch: general
   | upper-alpha
   | upper-roman
   | lower-alpha
   | lower-greek
   | lower-roman = general
   | #default = decimal}};">

<references group="general" responsive="{{#if:|0|1}}"><ref group=general name=fontsize>See User:Edokter/fonttest for a comparison of font sizes for various browsers; see previous discussions on changing the font size to resolve the IE issue.</ref> <ref group=general name=stuffandnonsense>Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'gsub' (string is not UTF-8).</ref>

<ref group=general name=w3org1>Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'gsub' (string is not UTF-8).</ref>

<ref group=general name=msdn>Lua error: bad argument #2 to 'gsub' (string is not UTF-8).</ref></references>

{{#ifeq:Reflist|sandbox| |

}}

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Reflist/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

{{#if:|

[[Category:Template documentation pages{{#translation:}}]] }}

v t e Wikipedia referencing
Policies and guidelines	Verifiability Biographies of living persons Identifying reliable sources Medicine Citing sources Scientific citations
General advice	Citation needed Find sources Combining sources Offline sources Referencing styles
Citing sources	Citation Style 1 Citation Style 2 Citation Style Vancouver LSA Comics Citation templates Reflist template
Inline citations	Footnotes Parenthetical referencing Punctuation and footnotes Shortened footnotes Nesting footnotes
Help for beginners	Reference-tags Citations quick reference Introduction to referencing Referencing with citation templates Referencing without using templates Referencing dos and don'ts Citing Wikipedia
Advanced help	Cite link labels Citation tools Cite errors Cite messages Converting between references formats Reference display customization References and page numbers
Template documentation	{{Edit refs}} {{Refref}} {{Refref2}} {{Refstart}}

v t e Template messages
Main namespace	General Cleanup Disputes Hatnotes Infoboxes Links External link templates Linking country articles Lists Main page Section Sources of articles Standard boxes Stub types Translation
Other namespaces	Compact TOC Category File Talk Template User Userboxes User talk Wikipedia WikiProject banners
All namespaces	Deletion Formatting Maintenance Merging Moving Navigation Redirect pages Functional index Splitting Wikimedia sister projects
Navboxes with templates	Archive Articles for deletion Birth, death and age Button Category header Citation and verifiability Citation Style 1 Deletion review Editnotice Hatnotes Help desk Inline cleanup Introduction cleanup IPA Math Notice and warnings Organization infoboxes Proposed article mergers Protection Quotation Redirects Search Semantics Speedy deletion Notices String-handling Sup and sub-related Top icon Transwiki maintenance Unicode User Talk Pages User noticeboard notices Userboxes User rights Userspace linking Userspace Disclaimers Wikibreak WikiLove
Related topics	Template documentation Examples of templates Maintenance template removal Requested templates WikiProject Templates Template help Template namespace
Search	<inputbox> id=style-wide-searchbox type=fulltext width = 25 namespaces=Template** searchbuttonlabel=Search templates break=no placeholder= e.g. Infoboxes </inputbox>
Category

v t e Wikipedia technical help
Get personal technical help at the Teahouse, Help desk, Village pump (technical), talk pages or IRC.
General technical help	Multilingual support Special Characters Entering Browser notes Troubleshooting Bypass cache Mobile access Printing Keyboard shortcuts Editing Edit toolbar CharInsert Edit conflict Reverting VisualEditor User guide User access levels Software notices Editnotice IRC Tutorial Create a page Page history Page information Page name Introduction
Special page related	Special page help Searching Advanced search Linksearch Logging in Reset passwords Notifications/Echo FAQ Moving a page Fixing cut-and-paste moves Watching pages User contributions Emailing users Random pages Logs What links here Related changes Recent changes Pending changes Page Curation Page import Edit filter Tags
Wiki markup	Wiki markup main page Cheatsheet Colours use Columns Line-break handling Lists Magic words For beginners Conditional expressions Switch parser function Time function Redirects Sections and TOCs Tables Introduction Basics Conditional tables Sorting Collapsing Advanced table formatting
Links and diffs	URLs Links Permanent link Interwikimedia links Interlanguage links Link color Pipe trick Colon trick Magic links Diffs Simplest diff guide Simple diff and link guide Complete diff and link guide
Media files: images, videos and sounds	Media help Options to hide an image Uploading images Introduction Files Creation and usage Moving files to Commons Visual file markup Images Preparing images for upload Picture tutorial Extended image syntax Gallery tag Graphics tutorials Basic bitmap image editing How to improve image quality Graphics Lab resources Sound file markup SVG help
Other graphics	Family trees Graphs and charts How to create To scale charts Barcharts Math formula Math symbols Rendering math LaTeX symbols Musical scores Musical symbols Timeline EasyTimeline syntax WikiHiero syntax
Templates and Lua modules	Templates Template messages Citation templates Transclusion Labeled section Substitution Advanced template coding Template limits Template sandbox and test cases Template documentation Purge Job queue Lua help Lua project To do Resources Guide to Scribbling
Data structure	Namespaces Main/Article Talk namespaces Archiving User User page design Project/Wikipedia File File pages MediaWiki Bug reports and feature requests System message Template Help Category Portal Book Draft Education Program TimedText Module/Lua Topic/Flow Special Media
HTML and CSS	HTML in wikitext Markup validation Span tags Cascading Style Sheets Catalogue of CSS classes Useful styles Classes used in microformats Ambox classes Common.js and common.css
Customisation and tools	Preferences Skins Customizing watchlists Hide pages Gadgets Beta Features User scripts Guide Techniques IRC Scripts User styles Tools Navigation shortcuts Browser tools Alternative browsing Editing tools Optimum tool set Cleaning up vandalism tools Citation tools Wikimedia Cloud Services
Automating editing	Bots Creating Twinkle HotCat WPCleaner igloo AutoWikiBrowser Navigation popups STiki AfC helper script Huggle
See also: Category:Wikipedia information pages Category:Wikipedia how-to Further navigation at: Help pages Administrators Templates Referencing Citation metadata Accessibility Bots User scripts Accounts

Anonymous

Search

Template:Reflist

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More

Page actions

Contents

Parameters[edit]

Usage[edit]

Columns[edit]

Example[edit]

List-defined references[edit]

Example[edit]

Grouped references[edit]

Predefined groups[edit]

List styles[edit]

Interaction with images[edit]

Technical details[edit]

Font size[edit]

Browser support for columns[edit]

Widows and orphans[edit]

Supporting CSS[edit]

Customizing the view[edit]

Perennial suggestions[edit]

Obsolete parameters[edit]

Template data[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation

Overview

Links

Wiki tools

Wiki tools

Anonymous

Search

Template:Reflist

Parameters[edit]

Usage[edit]

Columns[edit]

Example[edit]

List-defined references[edit]

Example[edit]

Grouped references[edit]

Predefined groups[edit]

List styles[edit]

Interaction with images[edit]

Technical details[edit]

Font size[edit]

Browser support for columns[edit]

Widows and orphans[edit]

Supporting CSS[edit]

Customizing the view[edit]

Perennial suggestions[edit]

Obsolete parameters[edit]

Template data[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation

Wiki tools

Page tools

Categories